Module Subject

Module Subject

The aim of the course is to study different geographic information systems in the context of environmental problems. Students will be confronted with complex spatial problems, and will need to decide on which tool is the most appropriate to solve them. Cartographic tools will be used to present the results. Students will used three different softwares. and SPOT images under IDRISI or ERDAS software’s.  

Module Subject

Seminar

• The conceptial differences between Computer Aided Design and Geographic Information Systems
• AutoCAD basics ‑ X-Y coordinate system, input methods, interface, terminology
• Autodesk FDO Data Access Technology
• The Mapinfo Concept

Practical

• AutoCAD basics
• inputting points, interface, drawing and modifying commands, snap
• selection set, layers and dimensioning, text
• direct distance entry, polar tracking, object snap tracking
• objects properties, blocks, attributes
• AutoCAD Map 3D
• Attaching and querying AutoCAD drawing file
• Clean up the drawings
• Adding GIS features to the map (FDO interface) and using styles
• CAD – GIS conversions
• GIS analysis: buffer, topology
• Mapinfo
• Displaying data, geocoding, thematic mapping
• Layout

Data analysis

Module Subject

The main topics are:

• Field measurements with GPS and other geodetic instruments,
• Field tour to get acquainted with the Hungarian landscape.

Requirements:

• Active participation during the fieldwork
• After the fieldwork a short report needs to be written

Module Subject

Contact persons:

Requirements:

Module Subject

Urban ecology:

1. Effects of urban land-use on physical geographical parameters (soil, climate, ground water)
2. Urban land use and urban ecological mapping
3. Application of databases and digital images in urban ecological investigations

Landscape planning:

1. Urban planning
2. Green surface management
3. Protection against soil erosion caused by wind and running water
4. Geomorphology of agriculture
5. Environmental impact assessment of investments (motorways, land-use changes, irrigation etc.)

Applied geomorphology:

1. Monitoring geomorphological change, geomorphological mapping
2. Floodplains and flooding
3. River regulations
4. Geomorphological assessments of slope failure

Module Subject

Module Subject

1. To point on the facts, that

• the river regulations altered the river regime differently on different rivers
• the rivers reached different equilibrium stages and they responded in different ways

2. To teach the students how to evaluate and present hydrological data

Module Subject

1. Development of the drainage network of the Great Plain since the Pleistocene, with special respect to Holocene changes
2. Review of regulation works (main ideas, facts, consequences)
3. Evaluation of hydrological parameters (stage, discharge, bed geometry, slope etc.)
4. Evaluation of morphological changes on the floodplain (horizontal and vertical river bed changes, island and bar formation, land slides on the banks, point bar formation)
5. Flood hazard estimation in a certain area

The two-semester-long Cell Biology curriculum provides a strong core knowledge with strong emphasis on the interrelationship between the structural, molecular and functional aspects of the cell. During the first semester the major topics include the structural and molecular basis of cellular compartmentalization, protein trafficking, cytoskeleton, molecular motors, cell cyle and proliferation, cell death/survival, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.

Module Subject

1) Research methods in cell biology.
2) Evolution of the cell. General characteristics of pro- and eukaryotic cells. Compartmentarization.
3) Membrane dynamics. Structure of the cell membrane. Membrane models.
4) Structure and function of membrane proteins.
5) Membrane specializations (tight junction, gap junction, desmosome, etc.).
6) The extracellular matrix.
7) Structure and function of the cytoskeleton.
8) The cell nucleus/nucleolus. Chromatin structure. The chromosomes.
9) The cell cycle. Mitotic and meiotic cell division.
10) The endoplasmic reticular system. The signal hypothesis.
11) The Golgi complex. Secretory proteins.
12) Membrane trafficking. Transport vesicles.
13) Internalization of macromolecules and particles. Receptor-mediated endocytosis.
14) The lysosomes. Secretory and lysosomal proteins.
15) The mitochondria.

Module Subject

1) General characteristics of cell signalization.
2) Intracellular signalization pathways.
3) Characteristics of neuronal signal transduction.
4) Mechanisms of neuronal signal transduction .
5) The role of glial cells in neuronal signalization processes.
6) Regulation of gene expression.
7) Regulationof neuronal gene expression.
8) Regulation of neuronal gene expression.
9) Target cell adaptation. Fast and slow adaptations.
10) General characteristics of stem cells.
11) Cell differentiation and tissue maintenance.
12) Embryonic and adult stem cells.
13) Neuronal stem cells
14) Cell therapies.
15) Apoptotic and necrotic processes.

Module Subject

Theoretical background: cell and tissue culture techniques (4 x 4 hours, 4 hours / week / 4 weeks)

1). In vitro maintenance of embryonal and adult cells and tissues. Isolation of cells, maintaining subcultures, cell passaging. Manipulation and differentiation of cultured cells. Cell transfection, transduction. Cell viability. Utilization of in vitro systems in molecular medicine. Tissue engineering. Major cell lines.

2) Culturing media. Mitogens. Minimal/essential culturing media, supplements. Maintenance of sterile environment. Major equipments of the cell culturing lab (thermostat, laminar flow, microscopes, centrifuge, etc.).

3) Preparation and culture of adult bone marrow cells and its derivatives. Primary cortical and hippocampal cell cultures (chick and rat). Preparation and maintenance of mixed (neuronal and glial) cultures. Organotypic cell and tissue cultures. Preparation and in vitro maintenance of explant cultures.

4) In vitro phenotyping. Immunocytochemistry, Western blot analysis. Neuronal and glial markers.

Introductory practicals, practicing sterile work (2 x 4 hours, 4 hours / week, 2 weeks)

5) The sterile laborator environment. Maintaining aseptic working environment, working with culturing media, without cells.

6) Preparation of bone marrow cells from young adult rats. Removal of bone marrow, purification, centrifugation. Cell counting techniques. Preparation of cell smears. May-Grünwald/Giemsa staining.

Practicals with rat bone marrow cell cultures (2 x 4 hours, 4 hours / week, 2 weeks)

7) Preparation of bone marrow cells from young adult rats. Removal of bone marrow, purification, centrifugation, plating. Treatment with mitogens.

8) Collection of mitogen-treated bone marrow-derived cells (neurospheres, DIV7) for Western blot analysis. Determination of protein content.

Practicals with primary cultures from embryonal chicken forebrain (2 x 4 hours, 4 hours / week, 2 weeks)

9) Preparation of primary cultures from embryonal chicken forebrain (E16-E18). Tissue removal, purification, centrifugation. Cell counting. Plating to petri dishes.

10) AChE histochemistry on chicken forebrain cultures. Digital imaging in light microscopy, making of microphotographs. Trypsin treatment, passage of cultured cells for further culturing.

Practicals with primary cultures from embryonic rats (3 x 4 hours, 4 hours / week, 3 weeks)

11) Isolation of cerebral cortical tissue samples from E18 rat embryos. Tissue preparation, purification, centrifugation. Cell counting. Plating to petri dishes.

12-13) Fluorescent immunocytochemical detection of GFAP in astrocytes in primary cortical cultures (DIV7). Digital microphotography on GFAP positive astrocytes (2 days).

Examination

Module Subject

1) Molecular genetic and cell biology methods in the clinical practice. Diagnostic methods based on immunologic techniques (RIA, ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunocytology, etc.).
2) Diagnostic methods based nucleic acid hybridization (Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, DNA chip technology, etc.). Gene sequencing and analysis, genomic and proteomic techniques, cell and tissue culture methods.
3) Molecular markers in human disorders. Diagnostic methods based on specific endonuclease activity (fragment length polymorphism, pedigree analysis, etc.). Molecular biological methods in clinical practice.
4) Intracellular signalization in pathophysiological processes.
5) Regulation of gene expression.
6) Regulation of neuronal gene expression.
7) Molecular biological aspects of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
8) Gene therapy, viral vectors, DNA-liposome complexes.
9) Antisense pharmacology. Small interfering RNA. Molecular chaperons.
10) Embryonal and adult stem cells.
11) Neuronal stem cells. The feasibility of stem cell therapies.
12) In vitro differentiation of stem cells to the desired phenotype. Transfection of stem cells.
13) Regulation of cell cycle and cell differentiation, translation control of gene expression.
14) Telomerase-directed molecular therapy. Immunotherapy. Antitumour immune responses.

Module Subject

The major fields of interest are 1) regulation of neuronal gene expression in physiological, pathophysiological and experimental conditions in vivo and in vitro; 2) in vitro neuronal and glial cell phenotyping; 3) roles of microglial cells in neurodegenerative processes in vivo and in vitro.

Module Subject

The major fields of interest are 1) regulation of neuronal gene expression in physiological, pathophysiological and experimental conditions in vivo and in vitro; 2) in vitro neuronal and glial cell phenotyping; 3) roles of microglial cells in neurodegenerative processes in vivo and in vitro.

Module Subject

The module will comprise the following topics:
1/ General introduction into fluorescence, physical basics, spectra and how to record them
2/ The advantages of fluorescent dyes over alternative methods in cell biology
3/ General introduction into how to measure intracellular ion concentrations
4/ Ca-sensitive dyes
5/ How to measure intracellular pH
6/ How to measure resting membrane potential
7/ How to detect apoptosis
8/ How to measure cell viability
9/ How to use fluorescent dyes in genomics and proteomics
10/ How to study signal transduction with fluorescent probes
11/ Instruments that are used for fluorescence studies (with practical demonstration)

Module Subject

The module will comprise the following topics:
1/ General introduction into communication in biology
2/ Quorum sensing as the prototype of communication between bacteria
3/ Communication between Dictyostelium discoideum cells as a prototype of communication between unicellular eukaryotic cells
4/ Evolution of signaling networks: from the bacterial two-component system to G-proteins
5/ Cell communication in yeasts during mating
6/  Evolution of signaling nwetworks: from G proteins to MAP-kinase cascade
7/ General principles of cell communication in multicellular organism
8/ Cell communication between adjacent cells of the epithelium
9/ Special aspects of cell communication in tumours and lack of communication between normal and cancer cells
10/ A specific example of three-way communication: the signaling networks triggered by IL-3
11/ Signaling networks in cell communication (e.g. JAK/STAT, Notch, etc.)
12/ How to study the signaling pathways involved in cell communication

The course is to provide mathematical foundations and practical techniques for digital manipulation of images; image acquisition; preprocessing (smoothing, filtering, restoration); segmentation; feature extraction; shape representation; and compression.

Module Subject

1. Image sampling and quantizing
2. Fourier transform
3. Convolution
4. Point operations and histogram transformations
5. Image enhancement in spatial domain
6. Image enhancement in frequency domain
7. Feature (line, edge, corner) detection
8. Image segmentation
9. Shape representation and description
10. Image coding and compression

Module Subject

The students has to learn the basic data sructures (linked lists, binary heap, stack, queue, trees), some advanced data structures (binary search trees, priority queue) and some basic techniques of designing algorithm (divide-and-conquer, programming greedy, dynamics programming). Moreover they have to learn the most importants orting algorithms and graph algorithms.

Module Subject

The students have to learn many advanced data sructures (Hash tables,  AVL trees.Red-black trees, B-trees, Disjoint sets management, Fibonacci heap, binomial heap),  and some advanced techniques of designing algorithm (backtrack, branch and bound). Moreover they have to learn some important subfield of the theory of algorithms.

Module Subject

Medians, sound samples, the k-th smallest element selection algorithms.